Zomangamanga konkriti, pazinthu zake zabwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomangamanga. Iyenera kuthiridwa mu nkhungu yopangidwa mwapadera, yotchedwa formwork kapena shuttering.
Mafomuwa amakhala ndi konkriti wothira mpaka adzaumitsa ndikukwaniritsa mphamvu zokwanira kuti azidzipezera zokhazokha ndikupanga kulemera kwakuthupi. Mafomu amatha kusankhidwa m'njira zambiri:
- Mwa zida
- Ndi malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito
Mafomuwa ali ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga konkriti. Iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kunyamula katundu yense amene ali pantchito yoponyera, ndiyeno iyenera kugwira mawonekedwe ake konkire ikamauma.
Kodi Ndizofunikira Zotani Kuti Fomu Yabwino Ipangidwe?
Ngakhale pali zinthu zambiri zopanga formwork, zotsatirazi ndizomwe zikuchitika pokwaniritsa zosowa za zomangamanga:
- Amatha kunyamula katundu wolemera.
- sungani mawonekedwe ake ndi zogwirizira zokwanira.
- Umboni wokhazikika.
- Konkriti sinawonongeke pochotsa mawonekedwe.
- Zinthu zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi kukonzedwanso pambuyo pa moyo.
- opepuka
- Zowonongekazi siziyenera kupindika kapena kupotoza.
Mitundu ya formwork ndi zakuthupi:
Matabwa Formwork
Mafomu formwork anali amodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba formwork yomwe idagwiritsidwapo ntchito. Amasonkhanitsidwa pamalopo ndipo ndi mtundu wosinthika kwambiri, wosinthidwa mosavuta. Ubwino wake:
- Zosavuta kupanga ndikuchotsa
- Opepuka, makamaka poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe achitsulo
- Kugwira ntchito, kulola mawonekedwe aliwonse, kukula ndi kutalika kwa kapangidwe konkriti
- Ndalama pazinthu zing'onozing'ono
- Amalola kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa akumaloko
Komabe, mulinso ndi zolakwika:imakhala ndi moyo waufupi komanso imawononga nthawi pazinthu zazikulu. Ambiri, formwork matabwa tikulimbikitsidwa ngati ntchito ndalama ndi otsika, kapena pamene zigawo konkire zovuta amafunika formwork kusintha, kapangidwe kamangidwe sikabwerezedwa kwambiri.
Plywood Formwork
Plywood nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matabwa. Ndi chopangidwa ndi matabwa, chomwe chimapezeka mosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Ntchito formwork, zimagwiritsa ntchito sheathing, kuvala ndi linings mawonekedwe.
Plywood formwork ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi matabwa formwork, kuphatikiza mphamvu, kulimba komanso kukhala opepuka.
Zachitsulo Formwork: Zitsulo ndi Aluminiyamu
Mafomu azitsulo akukhala otchuka kwambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wautali ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kangapo. Ngakhale ndizokwera mtengo, mafomu achitsulo ndi othandiza pamapulojekiti angapo, ndipo ndi njira yothandiza ngati mipata yambiri yogwiritsiranso ntchito ikuyembekezeredwa.
Izi ndi zina mwazinthu zazikulu zazitsulo zazitsulo:
- Wamphamvu ndi wolimba, wokhala ndi moyo wautali
- Amapanga kumaliza kosalala pamalo a konkriti
- Chosalowa madzi
- Amachepetsa zisa zouma kukonkriti
- Yosavuta ndi yomasulidwa mosavuta
- Oyenera nyumba yokhota kumapeto
Aluminium formwork ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi formwork yachitsulo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti zotayidwa zimakhala ndizocheperako kuposa zachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe ake azikhala opepuka. Aluminium imakhalanso ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa chitsulo, ndipo izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa musanagwiritse ntchito.
Formwork pulasitiki
Mitundu yamtunduwu imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pamalowedwe olowera kapena ma modular, opangidwa ndi pulasitiki yopepuka komanso yolimba. Mafomu apulasitiki amagwira bwino ntchito zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito zobwerezabwereza, monga nyumba zotsika mtengo.
Mafomu apulasitiki ndi opepuka ndipo amatha kutsukidwa ndi madzi, pomwe amakhala oyenera magawo akulu ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kangapo. Choyipa chake chachikulu ndikusintha pang'ono kuposa matabwa, chifukwa zinthu zambiri zimapangidwa kale.
Kugawaniza Mafomu Pogwiritsa Ntchito Zomangamanga
Kuphatikiza pakuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi, mafomu atha kusankhidwanso kutengera zinthu zomanga zomwe zathandizidwa:
- Mapangidwe a khoma
- Column formwork
- Slab formwork
- Mtengo formwork
- Maziko oyamba
Mitundu yonse yamapangidwe adapangidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kamene amathandizira, ndipo mapulani ake ofananawo amafotokozera zinthu ndi makulidwe ofunikira. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mamangidwe amapangidwe amatenga nthawi, ndipo amatha kuyimira pakati pa 20 ndi 25% yazomangamanga. Kuti muchepetse mtengo wamafomu, ganizirani izi:
- Mapulani omanga amayenera kugwiritsanso ntchito zomangamanga ndi ma geometri momwe angathere kuti mafomu agwiritsidwenso ntchito.
- Mukamagwira ntchito yopangira matabwa, iyenera kudulidwa mzidutswa zomwe ndizokwanira kuti zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Konkriti amasiyana pakupanga ndi cholinga. Monga m'maganizo ambiri a projekiti, palibe njira yabwino kuposa zina zonse; mafomu oyenera kwambiri pantchito yanu amasiyanasiyana kutengera kapangidwe kake.
Post nthawi: Sep-09-2020